“Experts have noted that morality messages are deeply embedded in modern public health campaigns that blame individuals for engaging in ‘risky’ behaviors, blurring the line between risk and sin. While ostensibly a neutral term, the way in which health authorities attach risk to some practices but not others reveals its moral underpinnings. Many people die in car accidents every year, yet we do not label driving as a risky behavior. Gay men having sex without condoms is described by public health practitioners as risky and labeled as ‘bareback’; sex between heterosexuals is almost never similarly described by health authorities — except, perhaps, when it is done by the poor (especially African Americans, women, and people receiving public benefits). Every step we take in life carries some form of risk, but only certain steps taken by certain people in certain contexts are labeled and controlled as risk.”
— Trevor Hoppe, Punishing Disease: HIV and the Criminalization of Sickness (2017), Ch. 1. (via enoughtohold)