This child is learning the concept of ascending numbers; at that age, spelling ‘three’ is probably difficult for them.
At the age where this question would be appropriate, this child would be learning the early concepts of base ten addition with these:
While they would have seen children’s posters and toys that count up to ten countless times, rainbow numbers are probably their current main association with the number ten. However, this child doesn’t understand that ten is a larger number than three. There are two main reasons why this might be:
- the child doesn’t understand how many ten is, and sees the numbers 1 and 0, which they do understand. When asked to explain their reasoning, they don’t know how to (this kid is probably about 5 years old), so draw what the number 10 makes them think of.
- the child misunderstands the concept of ‘smaller’ in this question, and thinks of 10 as ‘simpler’ or ‘more fundamental’ a number. This is a common conclusion for little kids to draw because we put so much emphasis on learning to ad and count to 10, so they may think of using rainbow numbers as a way to simplify and reduce down to 10. Again, a 5 year old doesn’t have the self awareness or vocabulary to explain this, and having misunderstood the question, won’t do what is expected (drawing 3 dots next to 10 dots or something similar). Their answer is ‘the rainbow number chart says so’.
Further questioning could help find exactly which misconception the child has, but there’s little point; as soon as the child properly grasps what 10 is, the misconception will resolve itself in either case.