Animal Breeds and Husbandry - Answers #1

1. Body of Liberties, 1641. Farm animals.

2. 1966

3. The use of irritating substances/equipment, such as heavy shoes or chains, to make horses step higher.

4. 84 degrees F.

5. Macroenvironment.

6. Microenvironment.

7. Conventional (simple, single corridor; the same hallway is used as both the dirty and clean hallway), Double Corridor System (one-way doors from clean hallway to animal room to dirty hallway exit), and Barrier System (double corridor system with HEPA filters, strict protocols, showers, coveralls/caps/boots/etc, everything going in is autoclaved, all dirty air is filtered outside, etc)

8. Polycarbonate (transparent, can be sterilized) and polypropylene (opaque, softer plastic)

9. Tapetum

10. How an animal responds when it feels threatened or challenged in social interactions.

11. To add something, to remove something, to decrease frequency of behaviors, to increase frequency of behaviors.

12. Free choice; always available.

13. 30-70%

14. Guinea pigs (and humans ;) )

15. A population of animals that have specific characteristics (ie, dog breed). Animals randomly mated together with unrelated parents. A strain of animals achieved by breeding brothers and sisters together for 20+ generations, which provide pure homogenicity for their genes. Mutant characteristic is introduced by breeding two inbred strains, often to eliminate variables for research projects.

16. Axenic animal.

17. Gnotobiotic animal.

18. Specific Pathogen Free animal (SPF). Rabbits.

19. Mus musculus

20. Barbering

21. 2-3 years.

22. Constantly growing teeth, not constantly growing teeth.

23. The incisors.

24. Male mice have 1.5-2x the anal/genital distance than females, and females have three visible orifices (urethral, vaginal, and anal).

25. When a group of female mice or rats are presented with a male, estrus will occur within 72 hours for 50% of the females.

26. When a newly pregnant mouse is presented with a new male, she will abort her pregnancy and breed with the new male.

27. 19 days.

28. Clostridium piliformis

29. Rattus norvegicus

30. Harderian gland

31. The flow of colored (red) tears.

32. Low humidity or excessive ventilation; rats.

33. Gerbil

34. Meriones unguiculatus

35. 35-45%

36. 2 (I 1/1, C 0/0, P 0/0, M 3/3)

37. Tailslip (degloving of the tail)

38. Hamster

39. Mesocricetus auratus

40. Antibiotics (penicillins, tetracycline, clindamycin, etc). They have a two-chambered stomach similar to ruminants, and antibiotics kill the good bacteria in their gut.

41. Diarrhea

42. Guinea pig

43. Caviae porcellus

44. Stampede!

45. Eat night feces (dark, liquidy, full of vitamins)

46. 2 (I 1/1, C 0/0, P 1/1, M 3/3)

47. ALL teeth are hypsodonic in the guinea pig.

48. Six months old, to prevent the pelvis from fusing.

49. Guinea pig

50. Bordetella

51. Degu

52. Degu and chinchilla

53. Octoden degus

54. Hedgehog

55. 5-8 years, may live to 10 years.

56. Atelerix albiventris

57. Chinchilla

58. 10-18 years

59. A rabbit.

60. Oryctolagus cuniculus

61. Buck, doe, kits.

62. Rabbits, guinea pigs

63. Rabbits

64. A dewlap.

65. ALL of them.

66. Rabbits

67. Red to orange in color and turbid/cloudy.

To be continued...

Animal Breeds and Husbandry - Questions #1

1. What was the first law regarding cruelty to animals? What type of animals did it protect?

2. In what year was the Animal Welfare Act passed?

3. Define "soring."

4. Rabbits cannot handle temperatures over ___.

5. What is a room where cages/runs/pens are located called?

6. What is the actual cage, run, or pen in which an animal is housed in called?

7. What are the three types of macroenvironments?

8. What are two types of plastic for animal housing?

9. What is the reflective part of the back of the eye in many animals, used to improve night vision?

10. Define agonistic behavior.

11. Define the following behavior consequences: positive, negative, punishment, and reinforcement.

12. Define "ad libitum".

13. What is the ideal humidity range for most "pocket pets"?

14. What species of animal requires supplemental vitamin C?

15. Define the following terms: strain, outbred strain, inbred strain, and congenic strain/F1 hybrid.

16. What is an animal called that is bred to be completely "germ free" all of its life, beginning from birth by cesarean section?

17. What is an animal called that began as a germ-free animal, then was introduced to different, controlled bacteria/viruses/microflora?

18. What is an animal that has never been exposed to specific disease-causing organisms? What type of animal is frequently used for this?

19. What is the scientific name of the mouse?

20. A group of mice are housed together. All but one appear to be chewed on. What is the suspected behavior of the un-chewed on mouse?

21. What is the typical lifespan of a pet mouse?

22. Define the following terms: hypsodont, brachydont.

23. What teeth in the mouse are at risk for being overgrown?

24. How are mice sexed?

25. What is the Whitten Effect?

26. What is the Bruce Effect?

27. What is the gestation of a mouse?

28. What is the causative agent for Tyzzers disease?

29. What is the scientific name for most pet rats?

30. What produces red-colored tears in rats, gerbils, and rabbits?

31. Define chromodacryorrhea.

32. What husbandry problem causes ringtail, and in what species?

33. In what species are seizures common?

34. What is the scientific name of the Mongolian gerbil?

35. What is the ideal humidity for a gerbil?

36. What is the dental formula for mice/rats/gerbils/hamsters?

37. Lifting a gerbil by the tip of the tail can result in what?

38. What species of animal is known to pseudohibernate if the temperature drops below 59 degrees F?

39. What is the scientific name of the Syrian hamster?

40. Hamsters are sensitive to what type of drugs? Why?

41. Define "wet tail" in the hamster.

42. What species of animal has a high susceptibility for cavities?

43. What is the scientific name of the guinea pig?

44. What do guinea pigs do when frightened?

45. Define coprophagic.

46. What is the dental formula of a guinea pig?

47. Which teeth in the guinea pig are hypsodonic?

48. When is the latest that a female guinea pig should be bred for the first time? Why?

49. What species is known for having precocious offspring (fully furred, eyes/ears open, can eat solid food, running around almost immediately after birth)?

50. Guinea pigs are susceptible to what disease, which they can get from or give to a dog or cat?

51. What species is known for a susceptibility for diabetes mellitus?

52. Name two species that require dust baths.

53. What is the scientific name for the degu?

54. What animal is known to be self-anointing (chew up stinky stuff and anoint themselves with it)?

55. What is the lifespan of a hedgehog?

56. What is the scientific name of the African pygmy hedgehog?

57. What species is known for "fur slip" (fur falls off when grabbed)?

58. What is the lifespan of the chinchilla?

59. What is a lagomorph?

60. What is the scientific name for the domestic rabbit?

61. What is a male rabbit called? A female? Babies?

62. What species of small animal should be given hay ad libitum?

63. What species is known for trichobezoars?

64. Female rabbits have what additional external physiologic structure?

65. How many teeth in the rabbit are hypsodonic?

66. What species is known to have two milk teeth in the roof of their mouth?

67. What color is normal urine in the rabbit?

To be continued...

Thank you!

In honor of 100+ people watching this page, I'll be posting a series of review questions from each of my classes. Enjoy, and please (please!) feel free to add some, too!

Red footed tortoise blood. May ID cells later.

Bearded dragon blood. May ID cells later.

Copperhead blood. 1 - Left to right: Heterophil, lymphocyte, immature heterophil, heterophil. Thrombocytes at the bottom. 2 - Heterophil 3 - Center is basophil. Several thrombocytes (note the 'thread' lines) and a few heterophils / smudge cells. 4 - Heterophil, lymphocyte 5 - Immature heterophil (dotted), smudge cells 6 - Enlarged immature heterophil and smudge cell 7 - Basophil (dotted), heterophil (large, pale cytoplasm), lymphocyte, and several thrombocytes.

Bateleur eagle blood. 1 - Lymphocyte, monocyte, basophil 2 - Thrombocyte, basophil, eosinophil 3 - Eosinophil, basophil 4 - Monocyte, lymphocyte 5 - Monocyte, heterophil

Bald eagle blood. 1 - Monocyte 2 - Lymphocyte, basophil, eosinophil 3 - Heterophil 4 - Monocyte Note the very round granules of the eosinophil versus the more oblong granules of the heterophil.

Golden eagle blood. May label cells later. Last image has a very classic basophil in it.

American kestrel blood. May label cells later.

Peregrine falcon blood. 1 - Heterophil, monocyte, lots of thrombocytes. 2 - Monocyte, some thrombocytes 3 - Monocyte, lots of thrombocytes

Burrowing owl blood. 1 - Lymphocyte, heterophil 2 - Basophil, thrombocyte 3 - Lymphocyte 4 - Basophil, lymphocyte

Barred owl blood. 1 - Left to right: Lymphocyte, thrombocyte, lymphocyte, eosinophil, thromobocytes 2 - Monocyte 3 - Heterophil

Great horned owl blood. 1 - Lymphocyte, basophil, basophil. 2 - Heterophil, monocyte (?)

Eastern screech owl blood. May ID the WBCs later. Images include: Heterophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, thrombocytes, and smudged cells.

American alligator blood. Forgive my lapses in WBC ID perfection. ;) 1 - Eosinophil (Or heteophil?) 2 - Heterophil 3 - Heterophil 4 - Left to right: Basophil, azurophil, smudged eosinophil (or heterophil?) 5 - Basophil, lymphocyte 6 - Lymphocytes

Orthopedic surgical instruments