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Particle Series: Wa
Okay, I had to follow up my last post with my least favorite particle: wa. It’s not my least favorite for any particular reason, but it just so happens that it’s also the first particle I ever learned… no correlation. Now, I know what you’re thinking. Isn’t は pronounced as “ha”? Yes, intelligent reader, you are absolutely right. However, for some reason when it is used as a particle it is read as “wa.” I know, I hate it too.
Common uses for the particle は・WA:
1. To mark the topic of a sentence, which is then identified or explained
- 明日は月曜日です。Ashita wa getsuyoubi desu. As for tomorrow, it’s Monday/Tomorrow is Monday.
- 夏は私の好きな季節です。Natsu wa watashi no suki na kisetsu desu. Summer is the season I like.
2. Indicates information is being presented about a topic that has already been identified
- あそこに彼女がいます。あの子は私の妹です。Asoko ni kanojo ga imasu. Ano ko wa watashi no imouto desu. There is a girl over there. She is my little sister.
- これが彼の自転車です。自転車を持ってることは便利ですね。Kore ga kare no jitensha desu. Jitensha o motteru koto wa benri desu ne. This is his bike. Having a bike sure is convenient.
3. Topic marker in an affirmative sentence
- この授業は難しい。Kono jugyou wa muzukashii. This class is difficult.
- 私はできますよ！Watashi wa dekimasu yo! I can do it!
*Wa marks the topic/subject by directly following it. The general structure is a topic followed by a comment on that topic. However, ga can also serve as a topic/subject marker so you have to be careful. While ga is similar, it serves different functions.
4. Topic marker in a negative sentence
- Kare wa ikemasen. He cannot go.
- Hon ha arimasen. There are no books.
*The use of wa here adds emphasis to the statements when they are in the negative. Note that if the subject were an interrogative pronoun, “ga” would be used.
3. When showing contrast between two things
- 漢字は難しいですが、ひらがなは簡単です。Kanji wa muzukashii desu ga, hiragana wa kantan desu. Kanji is difficult, but hiragana is easy.
- 卵は買いましたが、牛乳は買いませんでした。Tamago wa kaimashita ga, gyunyuu wa kaimasen deshita. I bought eggs, but I didn’t buy milk.
4. Following another particle or adverb
- あの人とはもう付き合いません。Ano hito to wa mou tsukiaimasen. I’m not going to associate with that person anymore.
- 大阪には行きましたが、京都には行きませんでした。Oosaka ni wa ikimashita ga, Toukyou ni wa ikimasen deshita. I went to Osaka, but I didn’t go to Tokyo.
I don’t have a lot for you on this particle because I find it to be pretty straightforward. More often than not, the most confusion people have with this particle is knowing when to use ga instead.
Books I have referenced while studying particles:
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A quick explanation on furigana ;)
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justdia-deactivated20180806
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avanax-deactivated20151116
A little lesson about Japanese numbers
Learning how to count in Japanese can be a bit difficult, I’l show you why:
First, the basic 1-10:
1. 一 (Ichi)
2. 二 (Ni)
3. 三 (San)
4. 四 (Yon
5. 五 (Go)
6. 六 (Roku)
7. 七 (Nana)
8. 八 (Hachi)
9. 九 (Kyuu)
10. 十 (Juu)
If you want to say numbers like 11, make it like this:
十一 (Juuichi)
For numbers like 20, it’s this:
二十 (Nijuu)
Simple, isn’t it? The difficult part comes now:
In Japanese, there are count words for almost everything, such as
枚 (Mai) for flat things such as towels or pieces of paper
本 (Hon) for cylindrical thungs like pens or candles
人 (Nin) for people
匹 (Hiki) for small animals
etc. etc.
When combing them with a number, you have to be careful. Some numbers change the way how to read the Kanji of a counter word. Example:
When the counter word starts with はひふへほ and the number is 1, 6, 8 or 10, they become ぱぴぷぺぽ
6 dogs = 六匹の犬 (Roppiki no inu)
If the number is 3, they become ばびぶべぼ
3 candles = 三本のろうそく (Sanbon no rousoku)
人 is a special case. When you wanna say 1 human or two humans, it’s not ichnin or ninin.
1 human = 一人 (Hitori) 2 humans= 二人 (Futari)
For all the other numbers, it’s “Nin”
If you don’t know a counter word for a thing, use those:
一つ (Hitotsu) 二つ (Futatsu) 三つ (Mittsu) 四つ (Yottsu) 五つ (Itsutsu) 六つ (Muttsu) 七つ (Nanatsu) 八つ (Yattsu) 九つ (Kokonotsu) 十 (Too)
Those are a bit difficult, I know. But counting days is the biggest bitch:
The counter for days is 日.
1 day = 一日 (Tsuitachi)
2 days = 二日 (Futsuka)
3 days = 三日 (Mikka)
4 days = 四日 (Yokka)
5 days = 五日 (Itsuka)
6 days = 六日 (Muika)
7 days = 七日 (Nanoka)
8 days = 八日 (Youka)
9 days = 九日 (Kokonoka)
10 days = 十日 (Tooka)
11 days = 十一日 (Juuichi’nichi)
20 days = 二十日 (Hatsuka)
30 days = 三十日 (Sanjuu’nichi)
I hope I could explain it for you^^
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elpoliglota-deactivated20140218
日本語の言葉
欲求不満 = Frustration
感じ = To Feel
気持 = Feelings
混乱 = Confusion
不安 = Insecurities
苦しさ = Suffering
はじめまして～
こんにちはみんな！これは新しいよ・・・。僕の日本語は本当に悪いよ、でもこれブロッグを作った。もっと練習する必要があります・・・。たから、フォローしてください？ヾ(*´∀｀*)ﾉ 多分～？ありがとうございます！
Hello everyone! This is new... My Japanese is really terrible, but I made this blog. I need more practice... So, follow please? Perhaps~? ^^ Thanks!
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Particles
Japanese particles are small words that indicate relations of words within a sentence. They follow other words such as nouns, verbs, adjectives are parts of a sentence. Some but not all can be compared to prepositions in English. The Japanese language uses a total of 188 particles.
は － Indicates the topic. が － Indicates the subject. の － Indicates possession. に － Indicates time or frequency. を － (spoken, “お”) Indicates the direct object of a verb. か － At the end of a sentence; indicates a question. も － Means “too”, “either”, “also”. で － Indicates the location of an action. と － Together with. て － (spoken, “え”) In the direction of.
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