Hello! My first update with my new instaxSQ6! So far, i love it when I get the picture right! ❣️need some more practice to nail them light situations and decide whether or not i need flash more accurately. For my first packet, i’m happy not all of them are duds 😆😊 . . . . . #instax #instaxsquare #instaxsq6 #sanjuan #sanjuanpuertorico
Oncogenes
An oncogene is a gene which, in the right circumstances, can transform a cell into a tumour cell.
Exogenous - originating outside the body, include viral oncogenes which may be introduced into cells by tumour viruses Endogenous - genes that are normally present in the cell but have been altered to produce the oncogene - this alteration can be called activating.
- Proto-oncogenes - “dominant” (only one allele necessary), genes that normally help cells grow. When a proto-oncogene mutates, or there are too many copies of it, it becomes permanently activated and the cell grows out of control –> tumour.
- Tumour suppressor genes - “recessive”, normal genes that slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or tell cells when to die (apoptosis). These are like the brakes of a car; when inactivated, cells grow out of control –> tumour.
The functions of oncogenes can be altered by:
- point mutations
- amplifications
- gene rearrangements/translocations
- deletions of part or all of the chromosome
- altered expression*
*Altered expression/epigenetics
Occurs without any mutational event - no change in the nucleotide sequence, therefore would not be picked up in DNA sequences. E.g. changes in the methylation patterns of the promoter region of the gene leads to an altered expression in the transcription of the mRNA and its translation.
I'm in a neuroscience PhD program and I just decided I would join my second rotation lab and the PI is happy to (and has money!) have me. While she has some ideas on what directions she wants me to take, specific ideas are up to me, and I'm feeling pretty stressed out trying to come up with something that's a thesis-worthy idea. How do I deal???
Hi there! And congrats! It sounds like you’re in a fantastic lab.
I know it sounds daunting to come up with a thesis project, and it kinda is… but lets see if we can make it a bit more manageable by breaking it all down! So I’m not 100% sure what you mean by “specific ideas”, so I’m going to answer this in a very broad “how do i come up with a good PhD dissertation project?” kind of way.
A PhD thesis should be an independent project but still related to your lab’s current work. I would strongly advise to not stray too far away from the parent projects of your lab. Picture the lab’s current research as a tree. You want your thesis project to be a branch–have it take its own direction, but still be able to gather resources (ie. funding, equipment, lab member expertise, preliminary data) from the trunk.
So your process of deciding on a project could go something like this*:
*If your PI already has a general idea/project overview she would like you to focus on, go ahead and skip to step 4
- Familiarize yourself with your lab’s specific field (by reading lots of papers), and your lab’s current projects (by reading the lab’s papers and grant applications, talking to the other members, etc). Find a few projects that have “future directions” or “future applications” that haven’t been explored yet in the field, but could have significance.
- Meet with PI to discuss these ideas and whether any are feasible dissertation projects.
- Choose a potential project (or a few) together.
- Make a list of all the preliminary data–from your lab and from the field in general–surrounding that potential project (I like to make almost a word-vomit word doc of “what we know” and “what we don’t know” to get me going). Oftentimes as you study the existing data, a “hmm i wonder if…” pops up, which can be used as the start of a project or any specifics.
- Meet with PI to go over these data (and any other ideas).
- Come up with a research question and then testable hypothesis (testable meaning it’s something that can be explored using the scientific method within the resources and time available to you).
- Meet with PI to go over the hypothesis and whether she thinks it’s feasible for a PhD project.
- Come up with 2-4 specific aims (aka mini-hypotheses that further break down your main hypothesis. I would highly recommend looking at your PI’s existing grant applications and/or PhD proposals of current and past students to get a sense for how to structure these aims).
- Meet with PI again to go over these aims.
- Come up with experimental approaches to each aim, along with predicted results and what they could mean in regards to the main hypothesis.
- Meet with PI to discuss these.
- Rinse and repeat steps 8 - 11 ad nauseum until they approve (in the meantime you could be working on other things, like learning techniques, maybe prepping for Aim 1 if it’s pre-approved, etc).
- Bonus: congrats! by creating specific aims, you’ve just started a grant proposal! perhaps you can submit it somewhere :O
As you can see, your PI should be involved in almost every step of the process. You truly want their guidance in all these early steps so you’re going in the right direction. There’s nothing worse for both parties involved for you to start on something in the lab that the PI doesn’t think is a good use of their money and your valuable time (and yes, your time is valuable!). It is also possible that at any point in this recipe you’ll have to start back at #1. I think I made 2 or 3 different PhD project proposals before my PI and I were happy with one (but on the bright side, she actually took one of the “tossed” ones and grew it into a full-fledged grant proposal for the whole lab, so yay!)
A more few things to keep in mind:
- The research you do as a doctorate student is an avenue for you to learn the “Ph” part of your PhD: how to think outside the box and then apply it to your field. Your project is there for you to add tools to your toolbox. So if there’s a snazzy technique you’re itching to try that could work with your project, be sure to propose it.
- Coming up with a good solid project will take time. I think it took me almost half a year to get all the specifics down. There’s going to be a lot of reading, a lot of jotting down ideas and then crossing them off, and a lot of back-and-forth’s between you and your PI. And that’s all part of the process, and oh what an important process it is! So it’s ok to take your time.
- Your project may change as time goes on, and that’s ok. As it oftentimes happens in science, what we predict will happen doesn’t always occur (or it does, but there’s a variation). So it’s ok if say, you finish Aim 1, and your results are totally not expected and it ends up completely changing the trajectory of your project. That’s ok, because that’s science!
- Lastly, your PI probably has an entire project mapped out for you, but she wants to see if you have any ideas of your own because a) she wants to encourage your curiosity and passions, b) it’s good exercise and part of being a successful scientist, and c) new members of a research team sometimes have a different perspective on things and thus can come up with some really neat ideas! As my old PI used to say: “You hire a tech if you want stuff done; you hire a grad student if you want innovation.”
I hope I answered your question! And if not, please let me know! I’m always happy to help to the best of my abilities.
Best of luck, future Dr :)
Test sheets for intro to Japanese alphabets!
Fun fact: I have terrible memory, so I need to do brute force exercises like this to memorize. I got tired of redrawing the chart over and over, but didn’t like the charts online, so I made this.
If, for some reason, you don’t mind having something with my handwriting, feel free to use this! No need to credit–just learn!
Is it easier to breathe in here or is it just me? Either way, check out the full graphical breakdown in our full post on these handy plants.
How many more reasons do you need to buy house plants?
Applying & Freshman Year
- Picking the right school infographic
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- Tips on choosing a major
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- Writing a great application essay
- Different types of colleges
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Self-Care
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In Your Classes
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Studying & Essays
- Why studying in advance helps improve grades
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- Really cool motivation strategy for reading textbooks
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- Make an essay appear longer than it is
- Ultimate guide to passing finals
- Useful tips for all types of learners
- How to write a great essay about anything
- Make a study guide with Microsoft Word
- Tools for writing an essay
- How to write papers that will dazzle your professors
- How to tackle a long-term school project
- Writing thesis statements
- What to do if you’re a few words short on an essay
- How to make a paper look longer
- Procrastination 101
- The formula for writing long papers
- How to write with clarity cheat sheet
- Preparing for exams
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- How to be study savvy
- How to take notes from a textbook
- Make a study schedule with Microsoft Excel
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- Research terms defined
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- Forming good study habits
- What to do if you don’t have enough time to finish a paper
- How to prepare for a test
- Really helpful website to work with on essays
- How to memorize flashcards
- Organizing classwork and notes
- What I wish I knew before taking online classes
- Study tips for different types of learners
- Making a study guide with Microsoft Word
- Make a finals study plan
- Ways to start and end an essay
- Pandora study stations
- Automatic bibliography generator
Finances
- Questions about buying textbooks
- Guide to cheaply buying textbooks
- A girl’s guide to saving money
- Free college textbooks
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- Basic guide to couponing
- Paying for college beyond the basics
- Student discounts, pt. 1
- Student discounts, pt. 2
- Student discounts, pt. 3
- Student discounts, pt. 4
- Student discounts, pt. 5
- Student discounts, pt. 6
- Student discounts, pt. 7
- Compare/buy/sell college textbooks
- Websites for financial aid you should use
- Ways to save money on expenses
- The financial aid roadmap
- Questions to ask about student loans
- Financial advice from a grad student
- Apps for budget-setting
- Clothing stores with student discounts
- How to make money in college
- Student loan mistakes
- How to attend college for free
- Side jobs for students
- Free school supplies
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Miscellaneous
- Backpack essentials
- Tons of printables
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- Great time management system
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- Sample roommate contract
- Surviving your first cold winter
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- The do’s and don’ts of talking to your professors
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- Lily Pulitzer binder covers
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- Truths about sex in college
- Class assignments template
- Things to know before applying to grad school
- How to stay organized throughout the year
- Habits of highly successful students
- Weekly meal prep
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- Ultimate organization guide
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GUYS. GUYS.
GUYS.
HOLY FUCK.
That means free access to Photoshop CS2 - and that already has most of what you could ask for, really.
All you have to do is create a FREE ADOBE ID.
I am not sure about commercial use, but MAN. FUCKIN’ SWEET DUDE
Reblogging for the greater good.
I’m unlikely to pick it up as I honestly never use PS anymore, but here everyone who follows me. Free stuff.
oh wow this is perfect i was just lamenting that i’d have to buy creative suite for my new laptop WELP
Signal boost for any of my followers who need art programs!
The cs2 programs date back only a few years, and still have much of the functionality of today’s more modern ones. The differences between most of the versions are little more than slight modifications or additions of minor features, and UI changes. Go for it guys!!
Also, in case the page is down, here are the download links + serials.
FREE ART PROGRAMS!
am i the only person not affected by generalized positivity… like post it notes in bathrooms that say ‘you’re beautiful’ or posts that are like ‘smile! you are a beautiful sunshine flower!’ i’m just like … okay…
I just heard a psychologist (Guy Winch) say that the people that positive affirmations help most are actually the people who have high or at least normal self-esteem. They really do cheer those people up!
But for the rest of us they run so counter to our general worldview (we’re fundamentally bad and deserve nothing) that our brain rejects them immediately as lies and uses that moment to remind us of how terrible and abnormal we actually are.
What usually works for people with low self-esteem is stuff like writing out a list of very specific things we know we’re good at, and revisiting it every day to write a paragraph elaborating on one of those things (i.e. “I’m a compassionate person and here are five examples”) to try to set our brain on a different track long term.
That makes so much sense.
the psychology behind the “ok that sounds fake but ok” meme
Holy crap
Writing a CV:
- The perfect resume for someone with no experience (by businessinsider)
- Guide to writing a CV
- Common grammar mistakes to avoid on your CV
- How to explain a gap in your CV
- How to overcome common CV issues
- What not to do on your CV
- Should I include hobbies and interests in my CV?
- CV layout: dos and don'ts
- Free CV template
- School leaver CV template
- CV templates and tips
- More free CV templates
- Example CVs
- How to tailor your CV to different industry sectors
Writing a Cover Letter:
- How to write a cover letter
- How to overcome common cover letter problems
- Graduate cover letter template
- Career break cover letter template
- School leaver cover letter template
- Free cover letter template
Referencing:
- How to get a reference
- References: workers’ rights
- How to deal with employment references
- How to include references on a resume
Interviews:
- How to answer common interview questions
- How to prepare for an interview
- The interview itself
- Advice to help you ace the interview
- Answer curveball interview questions
- 101 Interview Questions You’ll Never Fear Again
- Second interview questions and answers
- Telephone interview questions and answers
- Questions you should not be asked
- What to wear to an interview: bloggers’ top tips
- Group interview tips: do’s and don'ts
- Interview questions for employers: What you should be asking
- What not to do at interview
What job can I do?
- How to decide what job to look for
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Volunteering:
- 7 Simple ways to make the best of volunteering
- Benefits of volunteering
- Benefits of mentoring
- Volunteer Abroad
Resignation:
- Resignation letters: What you need to know
- Resignation letter templates
- How to resign
- How To Resign & Hand In Your Resignation Letter
Redundancy /Job Loss:
- Deal with redundancy
- Things to do if you lose your job
- Claim Jobseeker’s Allowance
- Jobseekers allowance (UK) overview
- 15 tips to survive a job loss
- How to Cope With Job Loss and Move On
At work:
- How to start a new job
- How to have a good first day
- How to hold onto your job
- How to handle bullying in the workplace
- Commuting: how far is too far?
- How to get a promotion
- Summer workwear advice
- Office Style Trends 2015
- What You Can (and Can’t) Wear to Work
- Dealing with stress at work
- How to deal with a brutal boss
Dear internet,
Please give me all the advice you have on writing cover letters. Like, the closer you can get to literally just writing a cover letter for me, the better. Ok bye.
This is how I did the one for my librarian position. I hope it helps.
Dear Person Hiring for this Job,
I am writing to ask you to consider me for X position. This is a paragraph about why I want to do X position in general. It includes at least one personal detail and at least one job skill I consider a particular strength. It argues that I am passionate about this career. It is not long.
I have had the opportunity to gain experience in this job by - paragraph about my work or study experience. It should go from most recent experience back. Include some details about your responsibilities/achievements in your most recent or most important positions. If you have mostly study experience, give more detail about what exactly you studied. If you shadowed people, mention that. If your work experience is largely unrelated, try to shoehorn some of it in (e.g. I gained experience working with people by). You can supplement with relevant hobbies. (But if you do have recent, relevant work experience, you should largely be detailing that. Only embroider the other stuff if you need to flesh it out.) This should be the longest paragraph.
I hope you will consider allowing me to do X thing at your company. This is a few sentences about why I want to work at your company in particular and what I think I could bring. Try to mention at least one detail from the company website, so they know you visited it. This is a short paragraph that parallels the first one.
Thank you very much for your time and attention.
Sincerely,
Person You Would Be a Fool Not to At Least Interview
oh my god thank you this is relevant to current interests
Two other points, to challenge what’s being said above a little:
1) Remember that the person reading this cover letter wants to know how you can contribute to the company. Not how excited you are about the position: it’s all about what they gain. Try framing the whole thing in that sense — “You would gain my X awesome skill that would help you Y with your mission.” “Here’s why I’m awesome and a great fit for making your company go better.”
2) At the end, ask for the interview. “I am available at PHONE NUMBER at your convenience. I look forward to speaking with you about this great opportunity soon.” Maybe even say you’ll be following up at a specific time and date. Ask for the job. People respond to that, and it’s a good way to fake confidence until you make it. Ask for the job.
Okay, three points. People reading cover letters get SO BORED going through them. Think about starting off with a story that relates to why you’re interested in the job, or that demonstrates a skill or a strong interest that would make you a good candidate. Be memorable — people remember stories, even (maybe especially) very little ones.
*hoards advice*
I will reblog this every time.
Literally this.
We girls are pretty AND brilliant.
Love how my Weekly Spread turned out :)
1. Have a Positive Mental Attitude- Prime yourself at being always comfortable and confident that u can do a lot better at studying. Remember that you are studying things that will prove to be valuable in real life. 2. Prepare your Work Space- Look for a place in your home or bedroom where u think u can study and maintain concentration in your work. Have materials stocked up and in place before your study. This way, u can finish your work without any interruptions. 3. Avoid Cramming- study an hour a day even when there’s no homework. Scan your notebooks and do a little advanced reading of your textbooks. You can also research through the internet to learn more about the topics u are covering in school. I suggest google scholar, it’s like google but for students, it has the citations, and filters results so that only helpful outcomes appear. 4. Do projects with more enthusiasm and creativity- Don’t be afraid to think of new ideas or ways to present your homework or projects. Teachers always give additional points to students who show great effort in their works. SO, don’t be afraid to do something original, do something that hasn’t been done before. 5. Raise Your Hand- Be active and establish a friendly attitude towards your teachers. Offer to help them out in checking some work, filing papers or just carrying their things. Little good things add up in the end for that extra effort grade, and they’ll always remember you as a very helpful student. 6. Enjoy Reading the Latest News- Find connections or associations with your life as a student, as a child, as a friend, or as a citizen. Certain reports would always ask for u to react so better be ahead with current events which you may be affected with. 7. Listen to Your Teacher, take a few notes- In my experience, the more i copy and take down notes, the more i get lost in the lecture. It is best to listen first and understand before u jot down any important keywords. Yes, use keywords, simple doodles and arrows to make associations. These will help u remember all concepts mentally. 8. Keep Notes on Index Cards- I use personally use the smaller oxford ones, they are more portable honestly pretty aesthetic.. 9. Watch TV Wisely- Yep you heard it, TV, when watching TV I sometimes pick up points which may seem relevant in my life. They sometimes even have something to do with what’s happening in class at the moment so, always initiate conversation about the latest shows and issues you have watched. Don’t be afraid to argue and defend your opinions.
Banksy
We often feel like giving up because it’s too hard or too tiring. Just take a break, maybe a small break, or a long break. Rest, get motivated again, do what you need to do so that you can come back and keep working hard. Make yourself proud.
(via lemonsstudy)
Love this theme 😍
#MOTIVATIONALPOSTERMONDAY