Church St Konrad (1952-57) in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, by Bernhard Rotterdam

Udo Hesse’s photograph of a street cleaner outside the Palasthotel, East Berlin, 1980s (via here)

Hector Jean Baptiste Espouy

Otto Skorzeny and The Paladin Group

If any real life historical figure could be a Bond villain, Otto Skorzeny would definitely be a leading candidate. A former Nazi SS commando, stalwart fascist, and Cold War soldier of fortune, Skorzeny was the stereotypical cloak and dagger “bad guy” from any dime store spy novel, complete with a gnarly facial scar. Seriously, he could be a villain straight off of “The Blacklist”. During World War II he was an SS colonel, commando leader, and Hitler’s favorite soldier. He was best known for the daring rescue mission of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, who was captured by Allied forces after the surrender of Italy.  He also commanded a special infiltration unit composed of English speaking German soldiers who wore American uniforms and infiltrated American units behind enemy lines. Throughout the war Skorzeny would become one of Germany’s most highly decorated soldiers, participating in and commanding several commando missions.

After World War II Skorzeny was prosecuted for war crimes, but was released when British MI6 decided not to use their evidence against him as it would expose their intelligence networks.  A man without official citizenship with any country, he first lived in Ireland, then Spain after gaining the support of Spanish dictator Francisco Franco. He was eventually granted a passport by his home country, Austria, and Spain, but Skorzeny wasn’t the sort of man who needed a passport to travel across the world. In the late 1940’s and early 1950’s he was a member of ODESSA, a clandestine group which smuggled ex-Nazi’s out of Europe to avoid war crime tribunals.  He founded a large fascist political network in Spain, which printed and destributed fascist propaganda and created branch organizations throughout Europe and Latin America.  He also served as advisor to Argentinian President Juan Peron and bodyguard to his wife Eva.

In the early 1950’s Skorzeny began to organize a mercenary group mostly composed of German SS, Gestapo, and Wehrmacht veterans.  The goal of the group was to support fascist regimes and right wing extremist movements across the globe. This was mostly in the form of training, especially guerilla groups, but also by providing crack commando troops and boots on the ground. In 1960 his mercenary group was officially incorporated as “The Paladin Group”, co-founded by a rogue American CIA Special Operations officer and ODESSA member named Col. James Sanders. If there was a conflict that occured in Europe, Africa, Latin America, or Asia during the 1950’s to mid 1970’s, you can bet your bottom dollar The Paladin Group (or it’s nameless predecessor organization) had some role in it. The roots of The Paladin Group can be traced back to 1952 when Skorzeny was recruited by CIA man and former WWII German General Reinhard Gehlen for operations in Egypt. At the time Egypt’s monarch, King Farouk (CIA codename “Fat Fucker”) had been overthrown in a military coup, and Egypt was led by President Gen. Muhammed Naguib.  Naguib used Skorzeny and his men to train the newly modernized Egyptian Army and various commando units in preparation for a possible plan to oust British forces from the Suez Canal. Skorzeny would later become advisor to Naguib’s successor, President Gamal Abdel Nasser.

For the most part, The Paladin Group supported fascist/dictatorial regimes or right wing extremist guerilla/partisan movements and vehemently opposed left wing or communist movements.  However, Skorzeny often took jobs that either suited his needs or put a lot of cash in his wallet. A perfect example would be in the mid 1950’s when he was contracted by both the Israeli’s and Palestinians.  Among his most famous (or infamous) clients was PLO leader Yassir Arafat, and Skorzeny planned Palestinian raids into the Gaza Strip in 1953 and 1954.

Throughout the 60’s The Paladin Group served a wide variety of clients. The Spanish Government hired them to fight a clandestine war against the Basque Nationalist Group ETA, they were hired by the South African Bureau of State Security, there were even rumors in the Soviet KGB that Skorzeny was training Green Berets for secret operations in Cambodia and Thailand. One of Skorzeny’s biggest clients was the Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddaffi, who hired The Paladin Group to help plan and execute the coup which put Gaddaffi in power, then to train the Libyan Army.

Between 1967 and 1974 The Paladin Group also took part in the organizing and execution of a series of military coups in Greece, leading to a civil war in which the Greek monarch, King Constantine II, was ousted from power and replaced with a military dictatorship.

The Paladin Group came to an end in 1975 with two major events.  First, Otto Skorzeny died of lung cancer.  Second, Francisco Franco likewise passed away.  With Franco gone a new democratic government came to power, one which had little tolerance for fascist organizations.  The Paladin Group was expelled from Spain.  Without a home and the leadership of Skorzeny, The Paladin Group was disbanded.  Peashooter hopes that producers make a retro James Bond movie with Otto Skorzeny as the bad guy. That would be so awesome!

cool

I want a movie with them as the good guys.

^

^ @fraulein-riefenstahl you're up.

Business Premises of the Company “Berliner Bettwäsche Betrieb” (1960) in Berlin, Germany, by Klaus Kirsten & Heinz Nather

watford lifelines

Weronika Dudka

Voiron (Isère), lycée Edouard Herriot.

House and Studio (1964) built for himself in Utrecht, the Netherlands, by Frans Dingemans

London Floors

Strolling around London is like changing planets from one street to the next.Now you are in the East End, surrounded by artists and Bangladeshi restaurants. Then you cross the road and you find yourself among men of the City, wearing black suits and Rolex watches. Now you are on a Georgian terrace in Islington. A few meters more and you find yourself in the shadow of concrete skyscrapers. London’s hodgepodge is the result of a story of continuous changes. The great fire of 1666 destroyed almost all the medieval buildings. Since then, the city has experienced constant regeneration. This ever-changing landscape is reflected in the floors of the city. The paving of its restaurants, shops, churches, and flats form an enormous, heterogeneous and unpredictable patchwork. That’s why a group of London’s pavement connoisseurs were attracted by the work of Sebastian Erras, a German photographer who has portrayed the floors of other European cities in collaboration with Pixartprinting . After they showed him some pictures of London’s floors, he could not resist making one more floors-addicted trip (by now the last one). Follow the link to see the entire series.

Previous work by Sebastian Erras featured on ARCHatlas:

Images and text via

Nissen & Wentzlaff Architekten - Thommy house, Bottmingen 2012. Photos © Ruedi Walti. 

Keep reading

St Virgil Center (1965) in Salzburg, Austria, by Wilhelm Holzbauer

Shāh Chérāgh (شاه چراغ‎‎) "King of the Light" is a mausoleum and mosque in Shiraz, Iran, built around 1130 AD, housing the tomb of the brothers Ahmad and Muhammad, sons of Mūsā al-Kādhim (7th Imam of Twelver Shia Islam). The two took refuge in the city during the Abbasid persecution of Shia Muslims. The tombs became celebrated pilgrimage centres in the 14th century when the pious and art-loving Queen Tashi Khatun erected a mosque and theological school by the tombs. After carrying out essential repairs, the queen ordered the tomb to be covered with millions of pieces of colored glass that glitter in the light and magnify its brilliance a thousand times.