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See that lovely family? That lovely missionary wrote the following: Edwin W. Smith 1876 to 1957 Primitive Methodist Zambia / South Africa

The Golden Stool

--page 173 " to win a people to Christ it is necessary to Europeanize them. Behind all systems of administration lies the fundamental question of what we intend to make of the Africans. One policy is that of repression…" --186 "The first method is to destroy their institutions and religions. Since a civilization is the expression of the mind of a people, the African must first be endowed with a European mind if he is to be civilized. Now see the Result

"Blacks in the united states seem to be more mixed up & confused over the search for racial identity than anywhere else. Hence, many are dropping their white western slavemasters name and adopting, not African, but their Arab and Berber slavemasters name. The confusion will continue..." ~The destruction of Black civilization by Chancellor Williams "The "educated Negroes" have the attitude of contempt toward their own people because in their own as well as in their mixed schools Negroes are taught to admire the Hebrew, the Greek, the Latin and the Teuton and to despise the African." "When you control a man's thinking, you do not have to worry about his actions. He will find his "proper place" and will stay in it. You do not need to send him to the back door, he will protest until one is made for his use. His education demands it." ~Dr. Carter G. Woodson; The Miseducation of the Negro. Identification with the aggressor is one of the major causes of confusion among our people. Identification: A psychological process whereby the subject assimilates or internalizes an aspect, characteristic, value or attribute of the oppressor and is transformed, wholly or partially, by the model the other provides. Because of the example set by the oppressor, who in the eye of the victim is the possessor of power and wealth, the oppressed individual who is deprived of these things tends to aspire to become more like the oppressor himself. As a result of this psychology, the oppressed individual subconsciously or otherwise attempts to identify himself with or internalize the traits of the oppressor. By doing this, the oppressed individual becomes unable to be clearly objective about his oppressor because he has embraced in himself those very same traits. He may still be able to see himself as the oppressed, but because he now psychologically identifies with his oppressor, whatever quest he may endeavor towards true liberation will be hindered. Instead of striving for true liberation, he will ultimately strive to become the oppressor himself. This arises because the oppressed are afflicted with a fear of freedom. This fear will either lead them to desire the role of the oppressor, bind them like a deer in headlights to their own existent state of oppression or compel them to distance themselves from the relationship. We have to stop seeing ourselves, and each other, through the eyes of the oppressor. True freedom would actually require them to eject the internalized image of the oppressor that they possess and thence awaken to a more clear reality. It would threaten the ‘security of conformity’ they have grown accustomed to and force them to act more independently, responsibly and critically toward the contradiction of the oppressor/oppressed relationship. This is the tragic dilemma of the oppressed: their having to suffer from the duality which has established itself in their inner-most being. They see that without freedom they cannot exist authentically, yet although they may desire authentic existence, they fear it. In this way, and thanks to the oppressor’s consciousness, which they have internalized, and act out through their behavior, they are at one and the same time themselves and their own oppressors. Paulo Freire ( Paraphrased)

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We can have disagreements, but that has no bearing on the protection she needs under this system. The woman is the stationary force, the egg. The man is the mobile force, the sperm. Her function is creating and nurturing all that she produces even us. Our function is to make that environment possible. Not just individually, but collectively. We can no longer afford the mentality that "I" take care of "my" wife and children, it must be we take care of our wives our children our sisters, and our grandmothers. Perhaps we have forgotten who our mothers, daughters, and sisters are. We have accepted the perception of our women based on the culture we live under. This is the number one aim of the media to destroy our belief in each other. We have not created a safe environment for the last 1200 years, yet we criticize her for the predicament of our children under white supremacy. We blame her for child support, we blame her for abortion, we blame her for homosexuality, we blame her for feminism, we blame her because we don't find her attractive, we blame her when we seek out other races, we blame her for losing faith in us. Does that sound logical, or is it the rationalization of the powerless.

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“So long as the Negro continues to borrow culture produced by white men, so long will he be inferior. The Negro must enter the field of production.”

Marcus Garvey

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Always Remember

"Colonization ensured that the people in power and their viewpoints are understood to be the true knowledge, automatically rendering the African way of knowing false." "To know means to record in one's memory, but to understand means to blend with the thing and to assimilate it oneself." "What reveals itself to me ceases to be mysterious—for me alone: if I unveil it to anyone else, he hears mere words which betray the living sense: Profanation, but never revelation." "The highest thought you could have about a situation or individual is to see something other than how the situation appears in the physical, but its true spiritual essence to not give into the illusion that your physical eye perceives." "Blacks are not only created by whites, we create whites. Whites cannot be what they are unless we are what we are. Consequently, if we transform ourselves they are transformed automatically, they cannot help it." "In a word, until we break the monopoly the oppressor has on our minds, liberation is not only impossible, it's unthinkable."   "Environment is everything; heredity is nothing."

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How and why did Africans convert to Christianity? Or what does the Ring Shout mean to this process

“The preceding discussion, while offering a chronology of black conversion to Christianity at some variance with perceptions both popular and scholarly, really begs two fundamental questions: How and why did Africans convert to Christianity, especially in the absence of any measurable pressure to do so well into the nineteenth century? In response, it will be necessary to revisit the ring shout. Other areas of exploration include the relationship of water baptism to conversion, as well as the role of funerary rites in both conversion and the movement toward a collective identity based upon race. Why Africans converted is obviously related to how they did so, and a reexamination of Howard Thurman’s work will shed further light on this query. In addition, a recontextualization of the concept and practice of hoodoo in the colonial and antebellum South will not only help answer the basic questions but also assist in making the connection to the African antecedent more viable. Related to an examination of all these phenomena, of course, is the unfolding of social strata within the black community. What follows attempts to uncover the general contours of this relationship.” “Stuckey effectively makes the case for cultural continuity and attendant transformation within the African-based community in his Slave Culture. Drawing upon folklore and contemporary accounts, he argues that the ring shout was one of the most important vehicles for the perpetuation of West and West Central African religious beliefs. In these regions, ‘an integral part of religion and culture was movement in a ring during ceremonies honoring the ancestors.’ Although the circle’s ‘ancestral function’ was important in West Africa, it was even more so in West Central Africa, where it was ‘so powerful in its elaboration of a religion vision that it contributed disproportionately to the centrality of the circle in slavery.’ In fact, the ring shout was of significance that it is possible to posit that ‘it was what gave form and meaning to black religion and art.’ The ring shout was observed in the 1940s and 1950s in places as widespread as Louisiana, Texas, South Carolina, and Georgia, and can still be observed.” “For all of its significance as a principal medium of cultural transfer, Stuckey is saying something more about the ring shout, something that goes to the core of the present inquiry. For when he writes that the ‘ring in which Africans danced and sang is the key to understanding the means by which they achieved oneness in America,’ he is addressing directly the question of the transition from ethnicity to race and the transformation of the African American identity. That the ring shout could have been so instrumental in the process is intriguing and demanding of further investigation. In addition to the sources employed by Stuckey, the present effort is informed by a reexamination of the WPA interviews, especially those collected along the coast of Georgia.”

“Ring ceremonies associated with religion are commonplace wherever people of African descent are found in the Western Hemisphere. In a study of Haitian religion, for example, Deren points out that it is a composite of West and West Central African influences. Deren then goes on to make a subtle yet crucial comment: ‘At dances for the divinities… there is, to be sure, no ritual choreography apart from the general counterclockwise direction of the floor-movement around the center-post. This reference to a counterclockwise ring ceremony in Haiti recalls Puckett’s earlier discussion of the ‘slavery time ‘shout’’ of southern black culture, which ‘consisted of moving about in a ring, shuffling the feet along inch by inch, sometimes dancing silently, but more frequently singing spirituals.’ Puckett went on to make a conjecture consistent with Deren’s findings: ‘It is possible that the whole ceremony is a relic of some native African dance.’ The comments of these two independent investigations are so similar that it is possible to apply Deren’s analysis to the American South and Puckett’s to Haiti absent significant alterations. That is, the ceremonies were clearly derivative of the same origins.”

“Stuckey has cited numerous examples of how the ring shout functioned in the South. One of the most vivid illustrations was provided in 1862 along the South Carolina coast, where and when Thomas Wentworth Higginson observed what he called ‘the monotonous sound of that strange festival, half pow-wow, half prayer-meeting, which they know only as a ‘shout.’’ Before actually describing the shout, Higginson re-creates the context by employing evocative language to refer to the place of meeting: ‘These fires are usually enclosed in a little booth, made neatly of palm leaves and covered in at top, a regular native African hut, in short, such as is pictured in books.’ Having established, wittingly or unwittingly, Africa as the source of the ceremony, Higginson proceeds to describe how black men filled the ‘tent’ and sang ‘at the top of their voices, in one of their quaint, monotonous, endless, negro-Methodist chants… all accompanied with a regular drumming of the feet and clapping of the hands, like castanets.’ With this accomplished, the shout takes flight: ‘Then the excitement spreads: inside and outside the enclosure men begin to quiver and dance, other join, a circle forms, winding monotonously round someone in the centre; some ‘heel and toe’ simultaneously, others merely tremble and stagger on, others stoop and rise, others whirl, others caper sideways, all keep steadily circling like dervishes, spectators applaud special strokes of skill; my approach only enlivens the scene; the circle enlarges, louder grows the singing, rousing shouts of encouragement come in, half bacchanalian, half devout, ‘Wake’em, brudder!’ ‘Stan up to’em, brudder!’ and still the ceaseless drumming and clapping, in perfect cadence, goes steadily on. Suddenly there comes a sort of snap, and the spell breaks, amid general sighing and laughter. And this not rarely and occasionally, but night after night.’

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“Higginson found the entire experience not only strange and amusing but also alarming. His allusion to the African hut reveals his assessment of the ritual’s source, but beyond this boundary he does not cross. Ostensibly repulsed, he was clearly drawn to the overt and subliminal sensuality of the ceremony, as ‘night after night’ the shout ended ‘suddenly’ after a gradual increase in excitement.” “The testimony of those outside of the circle could only be approximate. Contrary to what Higginson believed, black folk were not at all interested in performing the shout for whites. For that matter, the African-based rural community was more closed than open to outsiders regarding most aspects of their lives.” Michael A. Gomez“Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South”Pg. 263 

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On This Day December 11 1878 Britain issued an ultimatum to Zulu leader Cetshwayo, demanding the surrender of a Zulu raiding party, who had illegally crossed into SO-CALLED Boer territory, for trial; 500 head of cattle; the disbanding of the Zulu army within 30 days; admission of missionaries to Zululand; and the stationing of a British resident. This led to the eventual dismantling of the Zulu nation. LEARN PATTERNS First they come in the name of god. This is to instill a white way of thinking after this "the dismantling of the Zulu nation" till you let go of that god you will never be free

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forafricans

Seen in Nouakchott, Mauritania by Mariam N’diaye

“Mauritanian wedding in 1 minute. Beautiful bazins, large boubous, colorful make-ups, sumptuous scarves, griots who sing your name, rains of tickets, good food, and love 💛🇲🇷 I hope I managed to send you 1% of the good vibes from my cousin’s wedding live from Nouakchott”

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The humanoid is called Omeife and was developed by two-year-old Abuja-based tech start-up Uniccon Group. .It speaks English, French, Arabic, Kiswahili, Pidgin, Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo and Afrikaans.

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A 14th Century Account on Africa This excerpt is taken from Ibn Battuta’s travels and explains what he saw among our people. Yes this is After Islam. However is shows how we did not always practice Islam like the white Arabs. We are naturally moral and divine, and they are not. Remember this view is coming from a white man who is under the spell of Islam so he will only look from the mindset. As an “Arab” he had a cultural bias against Africans. Nevertheless, he openly admitted that Black Africans were the most ethical, despite their adaptation then of the Islamic faith. This is what I find so sad about our people now they will try to be just like them white beast. “AN ACCOUNT OF WHAT I FOUND GOOD AMONGST THE BLACKS AND OF WHAT I DISLIKED Amongst their good qualities is the small amount of injustice amongst them, for of all people they are the furthest from it. Their sultan does not forgive anyone in any matter to do with injustice. Among these qualities there is also the prevalence of peace in their country, the traveller [sic] is not afraid in it nor is he who lives there in fear of the thief or of the robber by violence. They do not interfere with the property of the white man who dies in their country even though it may consist of great wealth, but rather they entrust it to the hand of someone dependable among the white men until it is taken by the rightful claimant. Another of the good habits amongst them is the way they meticulously observe the times of the prayers and attendance at them, so also it is with regard to their congregational services and their beating of their children to instill these things in them. When it is Friday, if a man does not come early to the mosque he will not find a place to pray because of the numbers of the crowd. It is their custom for every man to send his boy with his prayer mat. He spreads it for him in a place commensurate with his position and keeps the place until he comes to the mosque. Their prayer-mats are made of the leaves of a tree like a date palm but it bears no fruit. Amongst their good qualities is their putting on of good white clothes on Friday. If a man among them has nothing except a tattered shirt, he washes and cleans it and attends the Friday prayer in it. Another of their good qualities is their concern for learning the sublime Qur’an by heart. They make fetters for their children when they appear on their part to be falling short in their learning of it by heart, and they are not taken off from them till they do learn by heart. I went in to visit the qadi on an ‘Id day and his children were tied up. I said to him, ‘Why do you not release them?’ He said, ‘I shall not do so until they learn the Qur’an by heart.” One day I passed by a handsome youth from them dressed in fine clothes and on his feet was a heavy chain. I said to the man who was with me, “What has this youth done–has he killed someone?” The youth heard my remark and laughed. It was told me, “He has been chained so that he will learn the Qur’an by heart.” Among the bad things which they do–their serving women, slave women and little daughters appear before people naked, exposing their private parts. I used to see many of them in this state in Ramadan, for it was the custom of the farariyya [commanders] to break the fast in the sultan’s house. Everyone of them has his food carried in to him by twenty or more of his slave girls and they are naked, every one. Also among their bad customs is the way women will go in the presence of the sultan naked, without any covering; and the nakedness of the sultan’s daughters–on the night of the twenty-seventh of Ramadan, I saw about a hundred slave girls coming out of his palace with food, with them were two of his daughters, they had full breasts and no clothes on. Another of their bad customs is their putting of dust and ashes on their heads as a sign of respect. And another is the laughing matter I mentioned of their poetic recitals. And another is that many of them eat animals not ritually slaughtered, and dogs and donkeys.” Elsewhere in his book he mentions the story of Iwalatan, where married people still have single and attractive friends. This offends the Muslim visitor, especially after the man secure with his wife talking with an attractive man jeers Arabic women for being less trustworthy. This shows how Africans used to live with comfortable and advanced, civilized ways of thinking. Now so listen to people talk about you can not have friends of the oppsite sex. My stay at Iwalatan lasted about fifty days; and I was shown honour and entertained by its inhabitants. It is an excessively hot place, and boasts a few small date-palms, in the shade of which they sow watermelons. Its water comes from underground waterbeds at that point, and there is plenty of mutton to be had. The garments of its inhabitants, most of whom belong to the Massufa tribe, are of fine Egyptian fabrics. Their women are of surpassing beauty, and are shown more respect than the men. The state of affairs amongst these people is indeed extraordinary. Their men show no signs of jealousy whatever; no one claims descent from his father, but on the contrary from his mother’s brother. A person’s heirs are his sister’s sons, not his own sons. This is a thing which I have seen nowhere in the world except among the Indians of Malabar. But those are heathens; these people are Muslims, punctilious in observing the hours of prayer, studying books of law, and memorizing the Koran. Yet their women show no bashfulness before men and do not veil themselves, though they are assiduous in attending the prayers. Any man who wishes to marry one of them may do so, but they do not travel with their husbands, and even if one desired to do so her family would not allow her to go. The women there have “friends” and “companions” amongst the men outside their own families, and the men in the same way have “companions” amongst the women of other families. A man may go into his house and find his wife entertaining her “companion” but he takes no objection to it. One day at Iwalatan I went into the qadi’s house, after asking his permission to enter, and found with him a young woman of remarkable beauty. When I saw her I was shocked and turned to go out, but she laughed at me, instead of being overcome by shame, and the qadi said to me “Why are you going out? She is my companion.” I was amazed at their conduct, for he was a theologian and a pilgrim [to Mecca] to boot. I was told that he had asked the sultan’s permission to make the pilgrimage that year with his “companion”–whether this one or not I cannot say–but the sultan would not grant it. . . . One day I visited Abu Muhammad Yandakan, a man of the Massufa tribe. I found him sitting on a mat, and in the middle of his house was a bed with a canopy. On it was a woman and with her a man, and the two were having a conversation. I said to him: “Who is this woman?” He replied: “She is my wife.” I said: “What is the relationship of the man to her?” He replied: “He is her friend.” I said: “Do you accept this, after you have lived in our country and known the matters of the Holy Law?” He said to me: “Women’s companionship with men in our country is honorable and takes place in a good way; there is no suspicion about it. They are not like the women in your country.” I was astonished at his thoughtless answer and I went away from him and did not visit him after this. Though he invited me many times, I did not respond.”

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It's important to realize that any criticism of Black male/female relationships is at the same time and in equal measure a criticism of White society's worldview which has shaped us to fit and function “properly” in it.  Social conditions create both social consciousness and social conduct and failure to recognize this can lead one to see racial defects where social ones are more real and relevant...It is this final contention that serves as a key point of departure for any serious analysis of Black male/female relationships.  For to say we are products of our social conditions is to say the same thing about our relationships.  Analysis of the major defects in Black male/female relationships clearly reveals their social rather than genetic or purely personal basis.  Thus, to understand the negatives of our relationships we must understand the negative characteristics of society that have shaped them. Delores P. Aldridge says "An ideological institution is a codified and long-existing set of social arrangements that forms a basic element of a given society.  It follows that such institutions share the distortions inherent in the rationale for their existence" (Focusing, p.20). What is being done to Africans by commercialism, drugs, religion, and Western psychology, education, urbanization and industrialization by which individuals become detached from their traditional environment. Its not just Chicago, its being done to Afrikans in London, Cape Town, Sydney, Montreal, and Buenos Aires. By embracing the logic that what is normal for one people is normal for all people, because they have come to accept the validity of other people’s words over their own traditions, many Afrikans rush toward a European worldview. They cannot see that following a European cultural worldview opens them up to an alien and self-alienating way. Delores P. Aldridge speaks of sexism as working with racism, capitalism, and Judeo-Christianity as the “ideological institutions” serving to systematically undermine any possibility of stable, positive relationships between Afrikan men and women. Na’im Akbar shares her opinion saying that sexism, materialism, and Christianity, as a force insuring a perception of the inferiority and danger of women, and “an assumption of inevitable conflict between the sexes” are inextricably tied in the assault on peace and purpose for couples.  Maulana Karenga’s four “connections” consist of the more catchy “cash,” “flesh,” “force” and “dependency” “connections” that undermine male/female relationships. Sexism makes sexual exploitation civilized. It makes it normal and, therefore, natural. This is why you have so many brothers and sisters talking about it's natural for a woman to be submissive to a MAN. Or that stupid phrase going around that an alpha female will naturally submit to a dominant male. That alpha whole concept created by white people that they have even deconstructed is still deep in the minds of our people. Why, because it makes us feel good in our zombie-like state. The zombie is moved by the impulses of others, its sees what other sees, and thinks/speaks what others think/speak. Thus the African becomes black, they become Hebrew, they become Christian, they become native American, they become Latino. They love everybody and they make fun of every conscious movement and people trying to figure it out. So it should be no surprise about Kevin Samuels or the way we act on the net. “A cultural paradigms analysis proposes that every individual operates according to some group’s conception of reality, whether they are aware of it or not, and it is a conception which they share with other members of their reference group; the group with which they are identified (in terms of values, beliefs, customs, etc.). The group that we identify with is usually our own indigenous cultural group under normal-natural circumstances. In abnormal-unnatural circumstance, i.e., those in which we identify with a group that is not our indigenous cultural group (such as an alien group, or an acquired alien group identity), then the conception of reality out of which we operate is not naturally our own. This is so even though we may have adjusted to it so intimately that we do not experience it as alien to us.” Kobi K. K. Kambon “African/Black Psychology in the American Context: An African-Centered Approach” Page 119 “… worldview systems provide for the organization, structure, and content of culture. As the ideological-philosophical basis of culture, worldview systems articulate the basic assumptions, values and beliefs undergirding culture and are expressed through its various structural or institutional manifestations. Worldview systems also define the power base of the culture because through it the indigenous group defines their own collective reality, and it is thereby their natural base of empowerment. Finally, worldview systems are resilient and enduring across generations of the cultural group. The worldview system is passed on from one generation to the next and thus defines the consistency and stability of the culture.” Kobi K. K. Kambon “African/Black Psychology in the American Context: An African-Centered Approach” Page 126 “Given the racial pluralism and so-called multicultural nature of American society, it is inevitable that conflict between these oppositional worldview systems would occur. The African and European worldviews have undergone vigorous analysis by African scholars, both on the Continent and in America, in particular over the past three decades…. These analyses have organized the worldview differences between these groups…., these analyses have concluded that the fundamental assumption or ethos defining the European worldview may be categorized as an ‘Humanity versus Nature’ orientation. This basic thrust of the European worldview defines an antagonistic and conflictual theme in human-nature relations. The emphasis is placed on human intervention into nature to achieve mastery and gain control over nature through the power-based (or power-motivated) mechanisms of aggression, domination, oppression, suppression, repression, and the unnatural alteration or reordering of all objects in nature….” “A major theme emanating from this basic assumption of human-nature relations is that of ‘Survival of the Fittest’…. The principle underlying this theme is that those humans (i.e., individuals, races) who achieve the greatest degree of mastery, control, suppression and manipulation over nature represent the fittest among the human community. Fittest, then, represents the lofty position of human achievement attained through competition (i.e., aggression) and is indexed by the amount of psychological and physical distance that one is able to establish between himself (self-consciousness) and nature-phenomenal experience/objects…. This usually occurs in terms of the degree to which one has gained effective manipulative power and/or dominance over nature through the objectification of nature. Therefore, one’s degree of mastery or control over nature establishes the ‘fittest’ level of the individual, race-culture, etc.” “Hence, the European worldview is defined by the basic values of materialism, control, aggression and linear-ordinal ranking, conflict and opposition-dichotomy….” Kobi K. K. Kambon “African/Black Psychology in the American Context: An African-Centered Approach” Page 130 “The African worldview, by contrast, defines human-nature relations as interdependent and inseparable. The fundamental assumption or ethos in African cosmology is that of ‘Human-Nature Unity,’ Oneness or Harmony with Nature, including complementarity, balance and reciprocity in all of existence…. Humanity, or the Self, and Nature, then, are conceptualized as one and the same phenomenon. Thus, positive, affirmative and complementary themes define the character of human-nature relations within the framework of the African worldview. The ‘Maatian’ Principle… defines much of this process beginning at the level of the person and extending to the society and the whole of the universe. The primary emphasis is on the survival of the corporate whole of nature, which includes all living things, rather than simply advancing some special interest group or some segment apart from the corporate whole. Hence, the basic values, beliefs and psychobehavioral modalities characterizing the African worldview relate to the principles of inclusiveness and synthesis, cooperation and collective responsibility, groupness, sameness and commonality, and at the core of it all, of course, is ‘Spirituality.’” Kobi K. K. Kambon “African/Black Psychology in the American Context: An African-Centered Approach” Page 132

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Progression and Regression in Reconstruction History

Many of us Black Studies who are reconstructing history (the history of the United States) think that we are entering a new era in American history. We may think that the things we are witnessing today, i.e., the election of Blacks to political office and their appointments to various positions, their accomplishments in various corporations and so forth, are something new in American history. Yet the study of reconstruction history should quickly convince us that we are currently undergoing deja vu.

Many of us view history as a continuing progression upward and onward. We have bought the American concept of progress: the idea that things must over time necessarily get better. There is no law in the universe that tells us our future survival is assured: that we will continue to exist now and into the future. There have been races and ethnic groups who have been virtually wiped out on this planet. There is no guarantee that our own group will not be wiped out as well. the idea that we must necessarily arrive at a point greater than that reached by our ancestors could possibly be an illusion. The idea that somehow according to some great universal principle we are going to be in a better condition than our ancestors is an recognizing that progressions and regression occur; that integration and disintegration occur in history.

History is not a fairy tale wherein certain things are accomplished and people live happily ever after. Many of us think the accomplishment we have made up to this point means that we are only going to expand them in the future. We had better think about that again. I will point out today why we must not be so optimistic as to be foolish.

Let us go back for a moment to an article written in Ebony magazine, October 1982, wherein Lerone Bennett wrote (I think) his conclusion to his book Black Power U. S. A. When I finished reading that book, I felt that that last chapter was missing. It went on to laud Black Power during the Reconstruction era and so forth and yet, somehow, its logical conclusions weren’t arrived at. The lessons that the book brought to mind were not expressed openly and completely. Consequently, I think some people would have been left with the wrong impression. But lo and behold he did write the final chapter, not within the book itself but in Ebony magazine under the front cover heading heading"The Second Reconstruction: Is History Repeating Itself?“

He titled the article, "The Second Time Around. Will History Repeat Itself and Rob Black og Gains of 1960s?” So he’s dealing with the issue again. We gained it [freedom] once and we lost it. Is there any law in the universe that says that we will not lose it again? He introduced the topic:

OVER. It was, at long last over and done with. How could anyone doubt it? How could anyone fail to see that the race problem has been solved forever? One man who had no doubt said, “All distinctions founded upon race or color have been forever abolished in the United States.” Another who saw things this way said the category of race has been abolished by law and that “there [were] no more colored people in this country.” Thus spoke the dreamers and the prophets–and victims—in the first Reconstruction of 1860s and the 1870s.

I don’t think I have to elaborate on this kind of attitude. We run into too many youngsters today who say, “Oh, that was in slavery time. Oh those were things we talked in the 1960s and 70s; we’re in a new day now.” We’re not in a new day ladies and gentlemen. The same words that we are saying today are the same words that people were saying over 100 years ago. Why are we in a new day saying the same thing that someone said 100 years ago? Bennett goes on to say:

And it is worth emphasizing here, at the very beginning, that these flights into fantasy were based on the same “hard” facts that grip the imagination of Blacks in the second Reconstruction of the 1960s and 1970s. There was, for example, a Black man in the U.S. Senate in 1870s and there was a Black governor in louisiana. In the 1860s and the 1870s–as in the 1960s and 1970s–there were Black sheriffs and mayors in the South and there was open speculation about a Black vice presidential candidate. [So the Jesse Jackson run is not new in Black American history]. There was moreover,a network of civil rights laws that seemed to settle the issue beyond all possibility of dispute or recall..

There are so many of us who believe that fair housing laws, anti-discrimination laws, civil rights laws, voting laws and so forth, guarantee our freedom. that is a illusion. What a fight into fantasy! Laws are no stronger than their enforcers. The same people who pass those laws are the same people who are responsible for enforcing them. If the people who enforce the laws no longer decide to do so, the laws are of no value and have no power. Ultimately, then fairness rests not in laws but in the activities of people and in the attitude and consciousness of people. Therefore, if the people who are responsible for enforcing those laws change their attitudes then the treatment of those people whose freedom is protected by those so-called laws is changed as well.

We cannot put our faith in White man’s law and laws enforced by whites. I have warned and it bears repeating that if there comes a day when the society has to make a choice between feeding White children and feeding Black children, no amount of civil rights laws or any other laws on the books will prevent those people from feeding their children first. It is a silly faith we have in laws. For Black people in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s to still rest their freedom on the basis of laws when history itself shows us that this cannot be done, we must question our sanity and what we have learned from the study of our history.

“Back there, 100 years ago there was a federal law protecting voting rights in the South— Does this all sound vaguely familiar?—- and there was a national public accommodations act.”

“So the public accommodations law didn’t begin with the freedom rides in the 1960s. We had those rights in the 1860s and 1870s as well..”

Such, in broad outline, was the racial situation 100 years ago–in the 1860s and 1870s–when racism was “forever abolished” in America for the first time…. It was a short “forever.”

I’ll just read other selected excerpts from Bennett’s article.

“As almost every schoolboy knows, the first Reconstruction ended in a major historical catastrophe that wiped out the gains of the 1860s. As a consequence, it required 100 years and oceans of blood for Black people to climb back up to the political plateau they had occupied in 1860-70.”

So, as I stated earlier, history contains both progress and regress. However, regressing at this point in history will not be a situation where we will be able to fight the battle all over again. Regressing at this point in history essentially spells annihilation for Afrikans, not only in America but for Afrikans the world over.

“For as I said in Black Power U.S.A., and as Dubois said before me in Black Reconstruction, "Reconstruction in all of its various facets was the supreme lesson for America, the right reading of which might still mark a turning point in our history.”

The election of Black mayors and governors and our getting jobs in White corporations can in no way ensure the survival of Black people. We cannot make the progress of Black people synonymous with our qualifying for degrees and we’ve had this game played upon us before. Lerone Bennett mentions the founding of,

“..a prototypical War on Poverty [from the 1860s-1879s] (the Freedman’s Bureau) and putting on the books civil rights laws which were in some instances stronger than civil laws passed in the 1969s and 1979s. In the wake of these events, there were many gains which surpassed, in many instances, the political gains Blacks made in the 1960s and 1970s. ********************************************* At one time, in fact, Black legislators were in the majority in the South Carolina legislature. In the same period, as in the comparable period in the 1960s and 1979s, poor Whites received social and economic benefits rich Whites had denied them.”

Once we got in we were even good to poor White-folks. We set up school systems and a whole lot of other things. I’ll conclude this portion by reading this:

“Long discussions about the morals and educational equivocations of Blacks obscure the main point–power or the lack of power. The worst thing that can be said about some leaders of the reconstruction period is that they did not seem to understand that the only issue was power.”

We don’t talk about that issue very much today either; it seems to frighten many of us.

“One final point is relevant to an understanding of the power realities of the social movements of both the first and second Reconstructions. In both cases, social and political leaders failed to provide the economic ballots that made political ballots viable. no one understands this better than the Black masses of the 1860s who said in marches and demonstrations that their freedom was not secure without a firm economic foundation.”

Therefore, think again when we celebrate Frederick Douglass, Harriet Tubman, king, and others. We should begin to look at the central issues. If our study of Black history is merely an exercise in feeling good about ourselves, then we will die feeling good. We must look at the lessons tat history teaches us. We must understand the tremendous value of the study of history for the re-gaining of power. If our education is not about gaining real power, we are being miseducated and misled and we will die “educated” and misled.

The Falsification of Afrikan Consciousness..

~Dr. Amos N Wilson Pg 8-13

Row vs Wade???   But its not a system we say.

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It is our destiny not to flee the predators’ thrust, not to seek hiding places from the destroyers left triumphant; but to turn against the predators advancing, turn against the destroyers, and bending our soul against their thrust, turning every stratagem of the destroyers against themselves, destroy them!

Ayi Kwei Armah

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Far too many miseducated/Europeanized African scholars… have tried to lead us to believe that the enslaved Africans actually transformed Eurasian cultural traits into a comfortable African fit. However, later discussions in this text will demonstrate otherwise. Nevertheless, it is our purpose here to show how the religion of Christianity was forced upon the enslaved Africans by the Europeans as a means to facilitate compliance and total acceptance of their condition of enslavement. The enslaved Africans who were simply trying to find ways to cope with their wretched circumstance used a variety of means (literally whatever they had available) to do so. Hence, they even attempted to use basic aspects of European/White supremacy culture that was forced upon them by the slave masters, but it ultimately worked against the Africans psychologically…. Thus, religion was often used very effectively as a method of control by the European slave owners through brainwashing many of the enslaved Africans to accept their predicament of enslavement as a part of God’s design for them as inferior-primitive human beings (i.e., ‘it was God’s will’). It should be quite easy to see how the many Christian holidays such as Good Friday, Easter, and, most especially, Christmas, could become such an ingrained part of the (victimized) African psyche in America. This is no doubt primarily because the initial association of these religious observances was directly related to the experience of ‘relief’ (temporary rest breaks) from the minute-to-minute, daily back-breaking brutality and savagery of plantation enslavement.

Kobi K. K. Kambon “African/Black Psychology in the American Context: An African-Centered Approach” Page 97

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