Ok, so this is a good example of how someone can use facts that are technically true to imply something that is completely false.
First, note how the first fact is framed by the OP. While it is true that non-fanwork* recipes are disallowed on AO3, OP’s framing implies that AO3 has gone out of its way to specifically ban recipes. Compare, for example, the differences in the connotations between “recipes are expressly banned by the AO3’s TOS” and “AO3’s TOS disallows recipes.“ In combination with OP’s second (also true) statement that “underage is a main content tag,” this suggests that AO3 is willing and able to not only ban, but specifically target, non-objectionable content like recipes, while in contrast it specifically facilitates and encourages underage sexual content. The implication is that AO3 is specifically set up to distribute “questionable”** content like underage sexual content, to the exclusion of non-objectionable content.
*a lot more on that in a moment
**this is the implication of the post, not my opinion
This is an example of a kind of misinformation, even though the two facts presented are, again, technically both true. The statement implies something nefarious about AO3 by framing cherry-picked facts and removing important context.
@bramblepatch already did a great job of breaking down OP’s framing of the underage content warning tag, specifically how the OP’s framing is misleading because they leave out the context that “underage” is not just a “main content tag,” it is specifically a “main content warning tag.” This is context is important, as bramblepatch says, because the prominence of that tag is intended to make that kind of content easier to identify and avoid, not necessarily to encourage the posting of that content, as the OP implies.
However, I want to examine the first half of OP’s statement, that “recipes are expressly banned in ao3′s terms of service.” This statement is once again technically correct, but misleading and missing important context.
If we look at the relevant excepted text from AO3’s TOS’s above, two things immediately jump out as important:
- Recipes are not listed as a separate thing that is specifically excluded; rather, they are part of a longer list of excluded content.
- The clause of the sentence that includes the relevant list of excluded content contains two important framing phases: it starts with the phrase, “if it consists entirely of actual…” and ends by including the catch-all, “other non-fanwork content.”
That first element is important because it means that AO3 did not go out of their way to specifically ban recipes in the way that is implied by the language of the OP; they are just part of a long list of disallowed content. The second element is important because it tells us how to read and understand that list of disallowed content.
When a text, especially a legal text like a TOS, includes an introductory clause before a list and a catch-all term at the end of a list, it is providing us context as to what the list actually means. That last sentence is kind of abstract, so let’s look at our particular example:
The introductory phrase, “if it consists entirely of actual…” is setting up the framework that our list lives within. To see what I mean, compare the first clause of the sentence in question: “Content may not be uploaded to OTW’s servers if it contains or links to child pornography.” The contents of the list occupy the same grammatical place in the sentence as “child pornography” does in the first clause, and the introductory phrase, “if it consists entirely of actual…” occupies the same grammatical place as “if it contains or links to…”. So, no content may be uploaded to AO3 if it contains or links to child pornography, even if that is only a minor part of the uploaded content. However, the kind of content on that list that includes recipes is only disallowed if it is both an ACTUAL recipe, instructional manual, etc, and that actual recipe/etc. is the ENTIRETY of the uploaded content.
The catch-all term, meanwhile, shows us that the list of disallowed content is non-exclusive. Rather, there is a category of content - in this case, “non-fanwork content” - that is disallowed, and the list consists of examples to help us understand what that category means in this context. “Non-fanwork content” is not allowed on AO3, but since “non-fanwork” is as complex to define as “fanwork,” AO3 provides specific examples of things that would be considered non-fanwork. You could rewrite the list to say instead, “Content may not be uploaded to OTW’s servers…if it consists entirely of non-fanwork content (such as instructional manuals, technical data, recipes, etc.).***
***As a sidenote: while this is a relatively simple example, you can use this same technique if you are trying to read a legal text that includes a very long list that makes it difficult to parse the actual sentence.
The thing that is banned is not “recipes” in general, but specifically recipes that are not fanworks. As both the above posters note, you can absolutely include recipes in a fanwork, as long as it is not the entirely of the work. In addition, it’s not hard to imagine content that uses a recipe as the format of a fanwork. For a good example, this is an original short story that is ostensibly a technical manual, but tells a complete story through the editor’s comments. It’s not hard to imagine a piece of fanfiction formatted in a similar way.
This was a very long close reading of a single phrase, but I hope it makes clear why the OP’s statement, “recipes are expressly banned in ao3′s terms of service” is so very misleading. A lot of discussions of misinformation focus on the importance of looking facts up to confirm if they are true. While that is important, it’s also essential to recognize that framing and context matter just as much.
In this case, OP ignored all of the relevant context, and that ignoring of context served a specific purpose. A recipe is a type of content, just like underage sexual content. Both are allowed on AO3 when they are part of fanworks. Neither would be allowed if they were not part of fanworks. The implication of OP’s original framing does not work if we understand why and in what context recipes are disallowed on AO3.