Notes on the Rococo period!

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David: The Oath of the Horatii, 1784. Oil on canvas, 329.8 × 424.8 cm (Musée du Louvre)

This painting was a royal commission by king Louis XVI. It depicts the three Roman Horatii brothers (the three men on the left) vowing to their father (in the center) to return victoriously from their war with the city of Alba or give their lives in a duel. The greiving women (on the right) know that they will have to suffer the consequences of the battle because the two families are related by marriage. The youngest woman (bottom right) is a sister of the Romans and fiancée of one of the Albans who is eventually killed by one of her brothers for choosing love over her duty to Rome.

David and his pupil Girodet: The Oath of the Horatii small version, 1786. Oil on canvas, 130.2 x 166.7 cm (Toledo Museum of Art)

Later high-ranking courtier Comte de Vaudreuil, an intimate of Marie Antoinette, commissioned David to do a smaller version. This version differs from the larger one by the addition of the spindle lying on the floor by the grieving women.

A remarkable Jacobean re-emergence after 200 years of yellowing varnish Courtesy Philip Mould

PAINT RESTORATION OF MESMERIZING

I saw this on Twitter. He’s using acetone, but a cellulose ether has been added to make it into a gel (probably Klucel—this entire gel mixture is sometimes just called Klucel by restorers, but Klucel is specifically the stuff that makes the gel). 

Normally, acetone is too volatile for restoration, but when it’s a gel, it becomes very stable and a) stays on top of the porous surface of the painting, and b) won’t evaporate. So it can eat up the varnish.

It looks scary, but acetone has no effect on oils, and jelly acetone is even less interactive with the surface of the paint or canvas.

Will someone PLEASE clean the mona lisa

For those who are wondering, they cleaned a copy of the Mona Lisa made by one of Da Vinchi’s students, and here’s a side by side comparison:

CLEAN THE FUCKING MONA LISA.

A couple problems with cleaning the Mona Lisa:

The Mona Lisa is a glazed painting.

A Direct Painting is one in which the artist mixes a large amount of paint of the correct value and shade the first time, and applies it to the painting. A Glazed Painting is a painting in which an underpainting is painted, generally in shades of gray or brown, and a allowed to dry, before layers of very thin glaze - a mixture of a tiny bit of pigment and a lot of oil - is applied to the surface.  Some artists, such as Leonardo, choose to work this way because it provides an incredible sense of light and illumination (look at how the real Mona Lisa seems to glow).

The Mona Lisa is an incredible work of glazed painting, but that makes it fragile, so fragile that many conservators don’t want to work on it because it’s extremely difficult and a conservation effort go wrong for many many reasons. One of the reasons it could go wrong is that the glazes and the varnish layers are actually a very similar chemical composition, and a conservator could accidentally strip off layers of glaze while removing the varnish. 

In fact, in 1809 during its first restoration when they stripped off the varnish, they also stripped off some of the top paint layers, which has caused the painting to look more washed out than Leonardo painted it. 

The Mona Lisa also has a frankly ridiculous amount of glaze layers on it, as Leonardo considered it incomplete up until he died, He actually took it with him when he left Italy (fleeing charges of homosexuality), meaning it never even got to the family who had commissioned it, and instead constantly altered it, trying to get it just a touch more perfect every time. That makes it really fragile, with countless layers of very thin paint, many of which have cracked, warped, flaked, or discolored. It’s not just the top layer, its layers and layers of glazing throughout the painting that have slowly discolored or been damaged over time.

Speaking of damage, look at the cracking. That’s called craquelure; it happens with many painting’s (even ones that aren’t painted with this technique) because the paint shrinks as it dries, or the surface it’s painted on warps.  Notice that the other painting has very little of it, even though it’s almost the same age.

The reason the Mona Lisa has so much craquelure is because Leonardo was highly experimental, almost to the point of it being his biggest flaw. There were established painting techniques, and then there were Leonardo’s painting techniques.  The established painting techniques were created in order to insure longevity and quality, but Leonardo didn’t stick to any of them. This has made his work a ticking time bomb of deterioration. 

Don’t believe me, check it out:

This is how most people think The Last Supper looks

But this is actually a copy done by Andrea Solari in 1520.

The actual Last Supper looks like this:

The Last Supper has been painstakingly and teadiously restored, with conservators sometimes working on sections as small as 4 cm a day. To get to it you’ve got to walk through a series of airlocks (AIRLOCKS!?!?!) and they only allow 15 people at a time because the moisture from your breath and your skin particles will damage it. Despite all of the precautions and restoration, it still looks like that.

This is because Leonardo painted the last supper using highly experimental methods. He didn’t use the traditional wet-into-wet method that fresco painters used, and insead painted onto the dry plaster on the wall, meaning the paint did not chemically adhere.  Before he even died the painting had already begun to flake. It’s a miracle it’s still there at all.

They’ve done what restoration they can on The Last Supper because the painting will absolutely disappear if they don’t. The Mona Lisa, which is delicate, but much more stable, doesn’t need the same kind of attention. And, like many of his works, is just too delicate to touch, and the risk of doing irreparable damage to it is far too high. The Mona Lisa is insured for something like 800 million dollars, and that’s a lot of money to be ruined by one wrong brush stroke. (fun fact: the most expensive painting ever sold was also a Leonardo, the Salvator Mundi, and it went for 450 million dollars.)

Furthermore, there are probably only 20 or so authenticated Leonardo paintings in the whole world. If you look through the list, most of them aren’t even fully done by him, are disputed, or aren’t even finished.  It’s simply too difficult and too risky to restore the Mona Lisa, one of Leonardo’s only finished and mostly intact works, when there’s hardly any more of his paintings to fall back on.

Now the painting you see in the video above is 200 years old, not 600 years old, and I assure you, the conservators decided the risk to restore it was minimal (after extensive research, paint testing, x-raying, gamma radiation, etc.) and that the work they were doing was worth the risk based on the painting’s value.

Conservators make the decision all the time about how much they can do for a painting, because really, they have the ability to completely strip a painting of all varnish and glazes and just repaint the whole thing (which happens to a lot of badly damaged paintings, especially when there’s no way to save them - one of the very small museums in my area recently deaccessioned a Monet because it was barely original, and no one wants to look at a Monet that’s only 20% Monet’s work) - but doing that to the Mona Lisa, removing the artist’s hand from the most famous piece of artwork in history? Hell No.

(also, I’m not a conservator but I’ll be applying to a conservation grad program sometime next year, so sorry if any of my info is at all inaccurate) 

I found this really interesting, thanks for sharing.

I made a masterpost :) I am still adding/editing but there’s already so many and they’re sorted by subject. Hope this helps! I also made sure to include channels in different languages! Subjects include: STEM –> Math, Physics, Space, Neuroscience, Psychology, Biology Humanities –> History, Literature, Novel Writing Advice, Philosophy, Linguistics Art/Music –> Art History, Music Theory Other –> Sex Ed, Drug Ed, How To Adult

Includes art history channels :)

Hello!!

My dash is really quite slow these days, so please reblog this if you post any of these:

Medieval History Ancient History European History in general Art History Mythology Theology Latin Ancient Greek German General studyblr posts

Thank you!! I’ll check everyone out in the tags and follow you all!

Hey guys, I know a few of you guys have a winter semester starting soon, so I decided to make different sizes of the printable I did a few months ago. I have a Happy Planner now so I made them that size (7x9.25) as well as making them letter size so you can put them in your planner :) and A4 and A5 for any European followers :)

These printables are meant to be double sided with the course info page being the front side. I left margins for the holes. Also due to size differences, there might be slight variations with the layout but not big ones. Mostly just space fillers or font size.

As always please let me know if you need any particular size (like personal or medium?) and/or if you need help with how to print them. For the Happy Planner, print on regular letter paper and it has crop marks so you can cut it to size. For A5 and half, print on A4 and letter paper (respectively), double-sided and then cut. Sorry I couldn’t figure out how to add crop marks for those :/

Download: Half Size // Happy Planner // Letter // A4 // A5 

“The history books will tell what happened, but the art will tell them how we felt about it.”

–Jermaine Rogers 

Reblog or like if you are a history, Art history, of Human geography focused studyblr and I’ll follow you!

VAN EYCK

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