Staying warm tips for people in inconvenient situations!
Source: I’m half Scandinavian, I’ve spent many winters in -42 degrees weather (F and C temperature scales meet around -42 degrees), it gets cold as balls here, and I’m a horse person so knowing how to keep vulnerable creatures warm in really freaking cold weather is a necessity.
If you have a baby:
- Use a permanent sling to affix the baby to your chest. Keep that sucker real close when it’s too cold. Babies are calmed by colder weather, but keep an eye out for infants that are too lethargic and won’t wake up. The closer an infant is to your skin, the warmer it stays, and the warmer you’ll stay for sharing body heat.
- Babies don’t need to be bathed that often or that long in freezing weather. If you absolutely must, bathe an infant in warm, not hot water, and only for ~10 minutes, then immediately dry with warm, clean towels, and put on dry clothes.
- Prioritize bundling up feet, hands, and face (the extremities). This is where infants lose heat first. In freezing weather, start with a skin-tight layer, like leggings and a onesie/bodysuit, then add socks, gloves, hats, and more layers. Warm boots, gloves/mittens, and beanies/caps will go a long way. The general rule is that however many layers you’re wearing, add one for the baby.
- Infants may become overheated in too many layers, even if it’s freezing. Watch out for red faces and more irritability than usual; if this happens, remove a layer and re-evaluate.
- If an infant has skin that is cold to the touch, their extremities are cold, red, or hard to the touch, they are lethargic and unresponsive, or they are particularly teary-eyed for no reason, this is a problem. DO NOT RUB COLD SKIN TO WARM THE INFANT UP; THIS WILL DAMAGE FREEZING SKIN EVEN MORE. Use a warm washcloth and try not to rub too much. Use small, slow motions, and mostly gentle compression. If you are completely unable wake an infant, seek immediate medical attention.
If you have younger children:
- Many of the same rules apply as when you have a baby. They should wear more layers than an adult human. They will get cold faster. Younger children have less body fat and more surface area than an adult, and will get cold a lot faster than an average-sized adult will. Check their extremities, feel their skin for whether it’s cold to the touch, ask them how they’re feeling, and gauge their alertness and mental status. A good way to check alertness is age-appropriate mental math. This is also a good method to make sure your child wakes up in the morning without going right back to sleep. A lethargic, drowsy, or unresponsive child is too cold.
- You can rub a child who’s too warm; their skin is much stronger than that of an infant. Refrain from rubbing if their skin is freezing to the touch or hard, use the same warm washcloth method. Children don’t have to bathe that often if it’s unbearably cold for a week or two.
- Now is not the time for gender roles or age-appropriate wear! Children will be warmest in tights (i.e. those usually worn by young girls), and the tallest socks you have, preferably several layers of socks and underclothes, and many layers of tank top + long sleeve + t-shirt + jacket + coat. Keep children close to you when possible to share body heat, and monitor them if you ever start feeling cold, because they’re almost always colder.
If you have an elderly person living with you:
- Same protocol as babies: however many layers you have, plus one. Elderly people get colder more easily. Help them to wear many layers (that thermal underwear/several sets of pantyhose/velour tracksuit/many coats combo does wonders), make sure their hands, feet, and face are well protected from the cold, and try to ensure that someone else is physically close to them to monitor them and share body heat. You can’t be too cuddly when it’s freezing. Also monitor for overheating, just like with infants.
- Scattering clothes all over the floor is great insulation, but if you live with an elderly person who may trip, skip this step. Elderly folks should still move around in the cold to keep them going and keep them producing warmth. Take walks with them, even around a single room, and make sure they can’t trip over anything. If you need the extra layer of insulation, flannel bedsheets (or anything but silk) will do good, without causing such a tripping hazard.
- Make sure elderly people on medication continue to take it. If you’re worried about freezing weather, check their supply and make sure you have enough to last you through at least one wave of cold. Be aware of existing health conditions so you can know how the cold weather may affect them specifically.
If someone is compromised in health:
- Meds, meds, meds. You must have enough medication to last at least one wave of cold, and any other things needed to maintain health. You really don’t want to be taking trips to the ER when it’s that cold.
- If someone has paralyzed limbs, KEEP THEM WARM. Frostbite and other such things can still screw you over big-time, even if it’s on parts of your body that you can’t feel. Make sure to check the extremities and immobile parts of anyone with such conditions regularly to make sure they’re staying warm.
- If someone is not physically ill, but takes medications, be sure to check how those medications can affect body temperature regulation. Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers slow the body’s responses and make one more susceptible to cold. These medications are usually prescribed for blood pressure regulation, and for people with certain cardiovascular conditions.
- Depressant drugs will make you colder. DON’T DRINK ALCOHOL TO WARM UP. Alcohol will make the cold worse, not better, because it depresses your body’s response. Other depressant drugs have the same effect: mind people on anti-convulsants, barbituates, sleeping medications, Ativan, Xanax, Valium, Phenobarbital, etc. Look things up before you learn the hard way what they do. The cold is not the time to do drugs, if that’s the kind of thing you’re into. For those on these drugs for prescriptions, keep a closer eye on them, and check their extremities and responses regularly. Excessive lethargy/drowsiness in anyone is a sign of the cold getting to them.
- Anyone sick gets cold easier than usual, and gets more sick much easier than usual. Keep a close eye on those compromised in health, because they’ll usually be among the first to have problems.
If you have pets:
- Mammals (dogs, cats, horses) need extra warmth. Coats. Layers. Your own socks. A blanket. Larger animals will stay warmer longer. Cats are especially susceptible to cold, so make them cuddle sometimes even if they don’t want to (purring will help them stay warm, though), and any animals should not get wet when it’s that cold. When your dog(s) has/have to go out, put socks on their feet, then if it’s wet or snowy outside plastic-wrap them, rubber-band plastic baggies to their feet, whatever you can to provide a waterproof layer between the ground and their socks. Wet fabric will make a mammal even colder. Duct-tape on top of socks is a good solution, too. If your animals are friends with each other, they may as well huddle for warmth. Throw a blanket over your pets, if they’ll tolerate it, in extreme cold.
- Rodents and rabbits don’t take cold well at all, worse than many other mammals. Take care to keep them bundled up and warm, even if they have to wear your socks and hats and old t-shirts to do it. If your pets aren’t cuddly, well, they may have to learn.
- Reptiles (snakes, lizards, etc.) will get cold very fast, especially without heating lamps or other measures. “There’s a snake in my boobs” is no longer just a meme. If your snake is cuddly, keep it touching your skin. If not, allow yourself a layer or two between you and an animal that may bite you, but keep reptiles close.
- Many amphibians are OK in freezing weather, as many of them hibernate. Frogs can survive in weather down to 19 degrees F for weeks, but if it dips below that, give them some help and do your best to keep them warm enough without making them too warm. Hibernating animals should hibernate; it’s how they keep warm in the cold and it’s a necessary process.
- Birds get cold. Huddle, give them a sock with some holes in it as a sweater, check them to make sure they’re warm enough. Parrots, parakeets, and many songbirds are especially susceptible to the cold.
- Whichever animal you have, research how well it tolerates the cold to see how much you need to worry. Always check your pets for signs of being too cold or too warm, in any kind of weather, as pets may overheat when it’s cold if you’ve helped them too much. For rarer pets, research thoroughly how to keep them in colder weather. If you worry that your pet won’t survive or won’t do well with you, consider speaking to a friend or someone you trust who will have a warm enough climate/indoor heating to watch your pet before cold may strike. Better safe and a little lonely than sorry.
When things are heading south, prioritize the baby, then the elderly person, then the sick person, then the young child, then the teens and adults. Adjust as needed, and place pets as they go, because they can also be young, elderly, or ill. People with more body fat will stay warmer.
General tips for warmth:
- Gender roles are abandoned when it’s that cold. Women’s tights are a godsend. Wear as many as you can layer, especially the ones marked “thermal”. Shapewear will help immensely. Silk won’t do much; prioritize cotton and wool.
- WOOL IS SO GODDAMN WARM. There’s warmth, and there’s wearing multiple layers of wool. People in history didn’t have central heating, but they did have woolen undergarments.
- Crappy, non-breathable fabrics will do a lot to retain body heat. Remember what was stifling in the summer? Layer with it. Plastic-y, synthetic fabrics suck for athletic wear, but they’re great for keeping you warm when all else fails. And if all else really fails, and you’re in immediate danger of frostbite, duct-tape and plastic wrap.
- Try not to sweat. The more you work out, the more heat you’ll produce, but the more you’ll perspire. Moisture is the enemy of staying warm. Wet will make cold much worse, so if you find yourself working hard enough to sweat, wipe it away with warm, or at least dry, fabrics and try to sweat as little as possible. You don’t want to keep cool when you’re trying to stave off frostbite.
- Wear a mask, especially close-fitting ones made of fabric, but even disposable will do. Remember how unpleasant they are in hot weather? Masks provide another barrier against the cold, and they protect some of the most sensitive parts of your body. Your own warm breath will do a lot to warm your face when it’s reflected back onto you. Don’t be afraid to breathe onto your loved ones in close quarters either. Or wear multiple masks at once. As long as you can breathe, you can get warmer.
- Cuddle puddle for ultimate warmth, especially while sleeping. More warm bodies means more warmth. Carefully place those most vulnerable nearer to the center, being careful not to crush anyone. Babies, children, older folks, and health-compromised folks will do best sandwiched between two people, if possible. If not, prioritize to put the most vulnerable between the less vulnerable.
- If you have a working fireplace, use it. Remember that only dry wood will burn. Stock up on kindling (I suggest newspaper to get the flame started and a lot of twigs/sticks/dry leaves), then mid-sized logs. Heavier wood contains more to burn, but should be added once the fire is well and going. Greener wood won’t burn as well. Very lightweight logs, regardless of size, will be good to start, but won’t offer much time. Keeping a fire going will require a lot less energy than stopping and starting it, so keep an eye on it. This is also a good way to heat food, to get two birds with one stone. Warm food will always do more in the cold than room temperature or cold food. Stock up on wood before the cold hits, and keep it in a dry place, even if it’s not your warm room. Wet wood will offer nothing when it’s already cold.
- If you own tarp, you own free insulation. That stuff’s insane. Throw it between a couple blankets, or on the floor, or against the window.
- Candles. And good-quality lighters. A solid tri-wick, long-lasting candle can smell as awful Joann will sell and still keep several people warm in sub-zero temperatures.
That’s all I can think of now, but feel free to add on. Stay warm, and stay safe.