secure software alternatives and piracy masterpost
general stuff
desktop stuff
first thing's first if you're on a non-gecko based browser switch to firefox or a fork now. and also especially don't use brave due to crypto bullshittery and leaking DNS requests that are meant to be proxied through tor
tor is pretty tried and true but that makes it a target of sybil attacks and surveillance from organizations all across the 14 eyes so check out lokinet if you're going to outproxy
don't use third party VPNs no matter what even the ones that claim not to steal your data or keep logs ^_^ if you do choose to use a third party VPN you should use one from somebody that you know that hosts outside of the following countries: US, UK, Canada, New Zealand, Australia, Denmark, France, the Netherlands, Norway, Germany, Belgium, Italy, Sweden, Spain. otherwise buy a nice little VPS and set your own VPN up with wireguard (or the open source openvpn client if you can find it... i hate the openvpn website)
if you want to download videos from video sharing/streaming sites check out youtube-dl
as for video players try mpv it's a better ffmpeg frontend than VLC and you can get better quality and it's just as featureful and far more configurable
if you don't want to deal with the stupid private tracker cliques for getting music then use soulseek. someone will 99% of the time have what you want no matter how obscure you think it is
if you do torrent from anywhere, here are your options for clients, look into these and take your pick as you feel most comfortable: transmission, deluge, qbittorrent. here are not your options: μTorrent, "bittorrent". your ISP may become upset with you if you torrent dumb popular shit like marvel films or whatever but you can still download it completely fine, just don't seed, or use a VPN if you do seed. if you want to seed and you're on like, Xfinity or Spectrum in the US and you get a loveletter for it then i recommend you buy a VPS and set up a seedbox with btpd or rtorrent.
phone stuff
switch to an android phone and flash it with a custom ROM the day you get it, i use lineageos but i've heard good things about graphene for pixel phones. get degoogled immediately, lineageos is degoogled out of box. XDA will almost always have a thread on whatever circumstance you are in plus people will upload their own custom ROMs with modifications suited to different hardware and different needs
for youtube alternatives use newpipe because it's lightweight and lets you download videos in a variety of formats very easily (audio only and video as well), background play for free, history saved on device, supports soundcloud and bandcamp etc. etc. vanced is deprecated anyway LOL
use f-droid you won't have the google play store anyway. and if you do need something from it just find the apk from apkpure or something!
i use firefox nightly on my phone.... open source and supports add-ons and whatnot!
feel free to ask about alternatives to anything else and ask any questions about the above, i don't bite. also, you are all encouraged to do your own research. please don't download and use anything you don't understand the implications of fully, not from me or from anyone else's masterpost on tumblr.